A. Introduction War is one of the common discussion topics within the UN actors. Since the establishment of the UN in 1945, as a sign of the end of massive and bloody global wars, the UN has been actively working with many actors to establish and nurture global peace & security. One of the UN’s tools in achieving global peace and security is UN peacekeeping. Over the past sixty years, UN peacekeeping has been involved in various UN missions. The number of military, police, an

At the beginning of the Reiwa period, Japan has been faced with new opportunities and issues from across the world. It an unfortunate that the Asia region, the place where Japan is located, also has enormous conflicts like the tension between countries in the South China Sea, where China has built its military island and the […]

Global risks between the United States and other countries, including trade wars and the weaponization of military actions, have widened gaps among nations, reshaping global cooperation and increasing uncertainty among nations. A. Global Risks The world has been changing drastically since the beginning of the first wave of globalization in 1870 (Vanham, 2019). In the current era of the fourth globalization—also known as Globalization 4.0—the international community has increa